Nutrition Facts 4 Oz Ground Beef Patty
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on backside the emerald drape and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy globe.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the xanthous brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and learn more nearly the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved moving picture a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
Every bit a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 film adaptation. Hamilton chosen her agent to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Iii days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week bargain. In the end, Hamilton was on set for iii months, but many of her scenes were cut for being also scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Look Was More Movie Star Than Farm Daughter
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-twelvemonth-old Garland had to wear a corset-like device and then she looked more like a preadolescent kid.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "babe-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. Subsequently MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Dandy Moving picture Magic
The Magician of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the about unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Metropolis, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black fume.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects squad spread blackness ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting concluded with the ominous "Or Die — Due west W Due west."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
Ane of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'southward quest to encounter the Wonderful Magician of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snowfall. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the effect of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more breathy toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It's really 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Fifty-fifty though the health risks associated with the textile were known at the fourth dimension, it was still Hollywood's preferred choice for false snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow'south Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than i for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man's) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Can Homo'south aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced past Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was amend than Ebsen's, he notwithstanding had some problems. The Scarecrow'southward makeup consisted of a prophylactic prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. Afterwards the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face up that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and red fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fright for Hamilton. On the first take, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the 2d have, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the burn down flared upwards. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and tertiary-degree burns on her hands and face. To brand matters worse, the coiffure tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch'southward legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source fabric — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Nigh as scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the pianoforte wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting downward on homo marionettes), filmmakers made miniature condom monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Near on the Cutting Room Floor
To no i's surprise, the American Flick Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #i on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) about iconic vocal of Judy Garland's career was virtually cut from the motion picture.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song'due south meaning. Luckily, this unfounded business organisation melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'due south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Human Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Residue Like shooting fish in a barrel
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a xc-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have it easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and easily to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and artillery, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so stiff that he had to lean confronting a board to rest properly. Many years afterwards, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned upshot with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't assistance folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Homo Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, merely traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen's new grapheme, the Tin Man, caused him a world of problems. Namely, the graphic symbol'due south silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To brand matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the part with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), simply didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the concluding moving picture, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to Run into the Magician."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave U.s.a. the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really agree up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special furnishings team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a heaven painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to arrive look like the business firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upwardly Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an event in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The film went on to brand roughly $8 million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was better than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — just information technology nevertheless didn't reverberate the moving picture's success. Fifty-fifty more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $l per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per calendar week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr'southward King of beasts Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the actual panthera leo used in the studio's title card — as the cowardly graphic symbol. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the fauna, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic graphic symbol instead.
To brand a disarming fauna, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from real king of beasts skin. Nonetheless, the arc lights used on set fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each dark, two stagehands dried the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That'due south nigh $50 meg adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie only earned $three million at the box office — about $51.8 1000000 past today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era moving-picture show, remember that Disney made $eight million with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Magician of Oz'due south modest success in the U.S. barely covered production and motion picture rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the pic'south returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Likewise"
Judy Garland was just xvi years one-time when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became fond to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were frequently given to young actors to assistance them slumber after studios shot them upward with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't aid, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'belongings.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, java and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Sorcerer of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's characteristic-length animated motion-picture show Snowfall White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937) became a nail-hit. Non just did the film revolutionize the blitheness industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the most successful film of all fourth dimension — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, only MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin Human'southward "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the scarlet colour would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about ii,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Establishment'southward National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet there several times. Some other pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only Ane Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic run a risk story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another world — consummate with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Nonetheless, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted past studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily past Terry, is one of the most beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and tin can ofttimes be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Can Man spouts out all of that steam.
Afterwards one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to find one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was then fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In improver to existence a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton as well believed her character was more just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years later the motion-picture show debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her almost the grapheme.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was also a sad, solitary figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this arroyo to the Witch's character.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thank you to a Nutrient Product
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Can Man and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald Urban center took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thanks to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to colour the horses, which meant filmmakers had to motion speedily — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-fatigued wagon was one time owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy motion picture. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM chosen upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming associates line. Most actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the morning — half dozen days a calendar week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Picture
The moving picture is clogged of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the slap-up fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in picture show history also. In 2007, Premiere compiled a listing of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film's lines on the list.
"Pay no attending to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "In that location's no identify similar home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the ofttimes misquoted "Toto, I accept a feeling we're non in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Similar the "horse of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly later Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the immature girl'south feet. However, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "burn" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to make information technology await more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Section
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the prepare up to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on flick, especially in colorized form. For instance, the white role of Dorothy's dress is actually pink — simply because information technology filmed better. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited most? It'southward actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than One Appearance
Function of the Wicked Witch of the West'southward beef with Dorothy is that the young daughter dropped a firm on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the Eastward, who was the short-lived owner of the scarlet slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she likewise plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if just briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her sleeping room window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the moving-picture show makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Film'southward Running Time Was Cut Down Several Times
The outset cut of the pic clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nothing by today's Marvel motion picture standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off twenty minutes.
Afterward cut the famed "Jitterbug" number (height right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, subsequently, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
Then Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton'due south Wicked Witch of the West performance as well frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. But not anybody thought her operation was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'south nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the picture show'southward starring foes were actually friends. Ane story that emerged from the set up described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'south Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire picture show was shot in color. Was this washed deliberately, or was information technology a pocket-sized syntactical faux pas?
It'due south widely believed this was a chip of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the movie turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the fourth dimension of the film's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
1 of History's Almost-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, another film released the same year, likewise directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (Y'all may have heard of that trivial movie — it'southward called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in role to re-releases.
The movie was starting time broadcast on idiot box on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. Information technology's believed that The Wizard of Oz is one of the 10 about-watched feature-length movies in picture history, largely due to the number of annual television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
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